Real-Time Monitoring and Control of Urea Hydrolysis in Cyber-Enabled Nonwater Urinal System

Environmental Science & Technology
Daniella SaettaTreavor H Boyer

Abstract

This research used a cyber-physical system (CPS) to monitor and control the extent of urea hydrolysis in nonwater urinals. Real-time pH and conductivity data were used to control urea hydrolysis inhibition under realistic restroom conditions with acetic acid addition. Variable urination frequencies and urination volumes were used to compare three conditions that affect the progression of urea hydrolysis. Mechanistic and conceptual models were created to evaluate the factors that influence the progression of urea hydrolysis in nonwater urinals. It was found that low urination volumes at low frequencies created ideal conditions for urea hydrolysis to progress. Alternatively, high urination volumes at high frequencies created pseudo-inhibitory conditions because it did not allow for sufficient reaction time or mixing with older urine in the urinal trap. The CPS was used to control urea hydrolysis inhibition by two logics: (1) reactively responding to a pH threshold and (2) predictively responding to past measurements using four lasso regression models. Results from the control logic experiments showed that acid was added once per hour under low use conditions and once in a 4 h experiment for high use conditions. The CPS allowed fo...Continue Reading

References

May 20, 2003·Water Research·Kai M UdertWilli Gujer
May 20, 2003·Water Research·Kai M UdertWilli Gujer
Sep 24, 2004·Journal of Biotechnology·Tove A LarsenHansruedi Siegrist
Jan 16, 2008·Bioresource Technology·Daolun FengShihong Xu
Feb 7, 2009·Journal of Environmental Management·L RossiT A Larsen
Sep 14, 2013·Water Research·Kelly A Landry, Treavor H Boyer
Apr 8, 2016·Water Research·Dyllon G RandallKai M Udert
Sep 16, 2015·NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes·James M ConnollyRobin Gerlach
Nov 3, 2017·Environmental Science & Technology·Daniella Saetta, Treavor H Boyer

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Aug 2, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Daniella SaettaTreavor H Boyer

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Environmental Science & Technology
Daniella Saetta, Treavor H Boyer
The British Journal of Surgery
J Ranstam, J A Cook
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved