Recent advances clarifying the etiologies of strabismus

Journal of Neuro-ophthalmology : the Official Journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society
Jason H PeragalloJoseph L Demer

Abstract

Strabismus is commonly encountered in neuro-ophthalmology practice. Adult patients may present with symptoms including disabling diplopia and decreased quality of life. Although presentation to the neuro-ophthalmologist often prompts a thorough workup for a neurologic basis of ocular misalignment, advances in orbital imaging and understanding of orbital mechanics have revealed novel mechanical causes. A goal of this review is to clarify mechanical mechanisms of strabismus that were formerly assumed be neurologic in origin. The authors combine their own research and clinical experience with a literature review using PubMed. Aberrant paths of the extraocular muscles can lead to strabismus. The extraocular muscles have connective tissue pulleys that control muscle paths and are, in turn, influenced by the extraocular muscle orbital layers. Orbital connective tissues, including the pulleys, constrain extraocular muscle paths. Abnormalities of these tissues may lead to strabismus that is not due to neurologic pathology. Some extraocular muscles are divided into independent neuromuscular compartments, so that partial motor nerve lesions may manifest as selective denervation of only 1 compartment, complicating the presentation of neur...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1989·Survey of Ophthalmology·J L Demer, G K Von Noorden
Jan 1, 1989·Vision Research·J M Miller
May 1, 1995·Survey of Ophthalmology·J D PorterJ K Brueckner
May 1, 1994·Australian and New Zealand Journal of Ophthalmology·L KowalE Gilford
Mar 11, 1999·Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·R A ClarkJ L Demer
Oct 26, 1999·Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·R A ClarkJ L Demer
Feb 22, 2001·Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·R A Clark, S J Isenberg
Nov 13, 2001·American Journal of Ophthalmology·J L Demer
Dec 10, 2002·American Journal of Ophthalmology·Robert A Clark, Joseph L Demer
Dec 1, 1958·A.M.A. Archives of Ophthalmology·M M PARKS
Feb 27, 2004·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Joseph L Demer
Feb 25, 2005·Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·Neepa M ThackerArthur L Rosenbaum
Feb 28, 2006·Survey of Ophthalmology·Michael C BrodskyThomas Brandt
Jul 4, 2006·Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·David Mittelman
Feb 23, 2007·Developments in Ophthalmology·Joseph L Demer
Aug 21, 2007·American Journal of Ophthalmology·Sarah R HattJonathan M Holmes
Jan 15, 2008·Journal of Voice : Official Journal of the Voice Foundation·Liancai Mu, Ira Sanders
Jul 1, 2008·Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology : Official Journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology·A HoltermannK Søgaard
Jul 16, 2008·American Journal of Ophthalmology·Miho SatoYuka Maruyama Koide
Oct 22, 2008·Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·Tina Rutar, Joseph L Demer
Nov 27, 2009·American Journal of Ophthalmology·Makoto YamaguchiKunihiko Shiraki
Jan 28, 2010·American Journal of Ophthalmology·Joseph L Demer
Feb 19, 2010·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Joseph L DemerDavid S Zee
May 4, 2010·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Michelle PengJoseph L Demer
Feb 2, 2011·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Joseph L DemerRobert A Clark
Mar 15, 2011·Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·Joseph L Demer, Anita Dushyanth
Jul 13, 2011·Archives of Ophthalmology·Robert A Clark, Joseph L Demer
Jul 14, 2011·Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy : SRA·Yi ZhangGuo-Hua Jing
Sep 29, 2011·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Joseph L DemerLawrence Yoo
Jan 31, 2012·American Journal of Ophthalmology·Sarah R HattJonathan M Holmes
Jun 13, 2012·Archives of Ophthalmology·Zia Chaudhuri, Joseph L Demer
Sep 22, 2012·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Robert A Clark, Joseph L Demer
Apr 11, 2013·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Kristina IrschHoward S Ying
Dec 10, 2013·American Journal of Ophthalmology·Robert A Clark, Joseph L Demer
Jun 14, 2014·Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·Matthew S Pihlblad, Joseph L Demer
Dec 3, 2014·Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·Ajay M Manchandia, Joseph L Demer

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 30, 2020·The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques·Caberry W Yu, Jonathan A Micieli
May 29, 2020·Journal of Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility·Stacy L PinelesFederico G Velez
Jun 12, 2020·Survey of Ophthalmology·Lauren Hennein, Shira L Robbins
Oct 25, 2020·American Journal of Ophthalmology·Toshiaki GosekiFederico G Velez

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Joseph L DemerNeepa Thacker
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Joseph L DemerVadims Poukens
Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Robert A ClarkJoseph L Demer
Developments in Ophthalmology
Joseph L Demer
Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
Joseph L Demer
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved