Recent advances in the biology of n-6 fatty acids

Nutrition
C Galli, F Marangoni

Abstract

The intensive research carried out in the last 10 years on the unique biological functions of n-3 fatty acids (FA), has promoted comparative investigations on various aspects (metabolic, functional) of the biology of n-6 FA. The involvement of peroxisomes in fatty acid metabolism, initially described for the n-3 acids, has now been shown also for the n-6 FA (formation of 22 carbon delta 4 unsaturated FA, formation of newly identified products of beta-oxidation of arachidonic acid, AA). Additional pathways of AA conversion, beyond the classical eicosanoids, give rise to a series of biologically active products, such as the epoxides, involved in the modulation of vascular functions, through the cytochrome p450 system, and to the AA-ethanolamide, anandamide, an endogenous ligand of the cannabinoid receptors, through a phospholipase-mediated process. Finally, nonenzymatic oxidation products of AA, the isoprostanes, isomers of prostaglandins, also endowed of potent biological activities, are generated both in in vitro-induced lipid oxidation and in vivo, being considered as reliable markers of in vivo oxidative stress. As to the nutritional aspects of the n-6 FA, attention is now paid to the intake of preformed long-chain polyunsatu...Continue Reading

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