Recent advances in three-dimensional cell culturing to assess liver function and dysfunction: from a drug biotransformation and toxicity perspective

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods
Carlemi CalitzChrisna Gouws

Abstract

The liver is a vital organ fulfilling a central role in over 500 major metabolic functions, including serving as the most essential site for drug biotransformation. Dysfunction of the drug biotransformation processes may result in the exposure of the liver (and other organs) to hepatotoxins, potentially interacting with cellular constituents and causing toxicity and various lesions. Hepatotoxicity can be investigated on a tissue, cellular and molecular level by employing various in vivo and in vitro techniques, including novel three-dimensional (3 D) cell culturing methods. This paper reflects on the liver and its myriad of functions and the influence of drug biotransformation on liver dysfunction. Current in vivo and in vitro models used to study liver function and dysfunction is outlined, emphasizing their advantages and disadvantages. The advantages of novel in vitro 3 D cell culture models are discussed and the possibility of novel models to bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo models is explained. Progression made in the field of cell culturing methods such as 3 D cell culturing techniques over the last decade promises to reduce the use of in vivo animal models in biotransformation and toxicological studies of the l...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 12, 2019·Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology·Clarissa WillersChrisna Gouws
Sep 24, 2019·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Fabio GionfraSandra Incerpi
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Mar 22, 2020·Environmental Research·Ritu Sharma, Rajinder Jindal
Sep 29, 2019·Mutation Research. Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis·Elisabeth EljeYvonne Kohl

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