Recent advances in understanding and managing pediatric nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

F1000Research
Jennifer Vittorio, Joel E Lavine

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a spectrum of disease that can range from isolated macrovesicular hepatocellular steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis to cirrhosis. The prevalence of NAFLD has increased over several decades, mirroring the global obesity pandemic. NAFLD currently represents the most common etiology of chronic liver disease in children and adolescents worldwide. Disease presentation in childhood strongly suggests that these children may have unique susceptibilities and more severe long-term consequences. Emerging data demonstrate that the pathogenesis of early-onset NAFLD is secondary to a complex interplay involving genetic, metabolic, environmental, and microbiological factors. Such influences may begin in utero. Dietary and lifestyle modifications remain the primary effective therapeutic interventions, although long-term efficacy is limited by poor adoption or adherence. Advances in the development and validation of non-invasive biomarkers and imaging modalities will facilitate diagnosis for affected children and adolescents and facilitate long-term natural history studies and the development of therapeutic interventions.

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Citations

Apr 25, 2021·Lancet·Elizabeth E PowellMary Rinella
Jul 8, 2021·Seminars in Liver Disease·Marco ArreseAriel E Feldstein
Jul 31, 2021·The American Journal of Gastroenterology·Jie LiMindie H Nguyen

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsy
gastric bypass
imaging techniques

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT04109742
NCT03867487
NCT03467217
NCT03042767
NCT03883607

Software Mentioned

VCTE

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