Recent advances in understanding corticotroph pituitary tumor initiation and progression

F1000Research
Ulrich RennerGünter K Stalla

Abstract

Cushing's disease is the most frequent form of hypercortisolism and is caused by hypophyseal corticotroph adenomas secreting excessive amounts of adrenocorticotropic hormone. Most of the tumors develop sporadically and only a limited number of corticotroph adenomas have been found to be associated with different neuroendocrine syndromes or with familial isolated pituitary adenomas. The pathogenic mechanisms of corticotroph adenomas are largely unknown, but the discovered aberrant chaperoning activity of heat shock protein 90 on the one hand and the presence of ubiquitin-specific protease 8 mutations on the other hand partially explained the causes of their development. Corticotroph tumors arise initially as benign microadenomas but with time form invasively growing aggressive macroadenomas which can switch to corticotroph carcinomas in extremely rare cases. The mechanisms through which corticotroph tumors escape from glucocorticoid negative feedback are still poorly understood, as are the processes that trigger the progression of benign corticotroph adenomas toward aggressive and malignant phenotypes. This review summarizes recent findings regarding initiation and progression of corticotroph pituitary tumors.

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Citations

Nov 16, 2019·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Hiroshi Nishioka, Shozo Yamada
Jun 18, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Araceli García-MartínezAntonio Picó
Feb 19, 2021·World Neurosurgery·Emma De RavinJohn Y K Lee
Apr 18, 2019·Neuroendocrinology·Denis CiatoGünter Karl Stalla

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
deubiquitination
ubiquitination
surgical resection
imaging techniques
sumoylation

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