Recent developments in methanol toxicity

Toxicology Letters
M A Medinsky, D C Dorman

Abstract

The disposition of methanol and its putative toxic metabolite formate has been studied in humans, non-human primates, and rodents after exposure to high, neurotoxic doses. The rate at which rodents detoxify formate is more rapid than that of primates. Formate, an endogenous biological substrate, is detoxified by metabolism to CO2 via a tetrahydrofolate-(THF) dependent pathway. Species with high hepatic THF levels, such as rodents, are less sensitive to the neurotoxic effects of large methanol doses compared with species with low THF levels, such as primates. Data on the capacity of primates to detoxify formate derived from inhalation of low levels of methanol are critical for assessing human risk from methanol fuels. Female cynomolgus monkeys exposed to low concentrations of [14C]methanol (10-200 ppm) for 2 h have blood levels of methanol-derived formate that are 100- to 1000-fold lower than endogenous levels of formate. Healthy human volunteers exposed at rest or during exercise to 200 ppm methanol for 6 h or exposed to 20 mg/kg orally have elevated blood levels of methanol, but blood formate concentrations are not significantly increased above endogenous concentrations. Deficiencies in THF may prolong blood levels of formate ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 19, 2004·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Abigail MitchellBarry Zirkin
Jun 26, 2008·Journal of Food Science·C-Y HouM-C Wu
Sep 17, 2013·Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture·Argyrios TsakirisYiannis Kourkoutas
Jul 17, 1998·Toxicology and Industrial Health·R PoonV Valli
Apr 3, 2002·Human & Experimental Toxicology·A Paine, A D Davan
Feb 8, 2011·Journal of Animal Science·M C ShieldsC S Stark
Jan 1, 2002·Hemodialysis International·Charles T SpaldingAntonios H Tzamaloukas

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