Recent Findings in Melatonin Research and Their Relevance to the CNS

Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
Rüdiger Hardeland

Abstract

Several recent developments in melatonin research deserve attention and divulgation. The role of melatonin in the brain has been extended to its synthesis in the cerebellum as a response to inflammation, findings that exceed the earlier demonstration of aralkylamine Nacetyltransferase expression. The release of melatonin via the pineal recess into the third ventricle appears to be more important than previously believed and has been discussed as a strong direct signal to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The mitochondrial role of melatonin has been substantially extended by the demonstration of the melatonin receptor MT1 in this organelle and evidence for melatonin synthesis in mammalian mitochondria, in addition to the previously shown uptake into these organelles. Contrary to rats and mice, melatonin can act in a prodiabetic way, especially under conditions of MT2 overexpression, an effect that leads to reduced insulin secretion. These findings are discussed in the context of brain insulin resistance as an early change in low-grade neuroinflammation, however, with emphasis to the distinction between reduced insulin and insulin resistance. Various new data underline the stimulation of sirtuins 1 and 3 by melatonin in the context of...Continue Reading

Citations

Sep 23, 2018·Journal of Pineal Research·Rüdiger Hardeland
Jan 1, 2019·Journal of Pineal Research·Yaoyao XiaWenkai Ren
Aug 6, 2019·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Daniel P Cardinali
Nov 26, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Rita RezzaniLuigi Fabrizio Rodella
Jan 28, 2021·Pharmaceutics·Dalia M Kopustinskiene, Jurga Bernatoniene
Feb 18, 2020·Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·Mehmet OzansoyUlkan Kilic
May 4, 2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Santiago Pérez-Lloret, Daniel P Cardinali
Jul 20, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Rüdiger Hardeland
Aug 8, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Rüdiger Hardeland

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