Recent Insights on the Maternal Microbiota: Impact on Pregnancy Outcomes.

Frontiers in Immunology
Nicoletta Di SimoneSilvia D'Ippolito

Abstract

Hormonal changes during and after pregnancy are linked with modifications in the maternal microbiota. We describe the importance of the maternal microbiota in pregnancy and examine whether changes in maternal microbiotic composition at different body sites (gut, vagina, endometrium) are associated with pregnancy complications. We analyze the likely interactions between microbiota and the immune system. During pregnancy, the gastrointestinal (gut) microbiota undergoes profound changes that lead to an increase in lactic acid-producing bacteria and a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria. The meaning of such changes needs clarification. Additionally, several studies have indicated a possible involvement of the maternal gut microbiota in autoimmune and lifelong diseases. The human vagina has its own microbiota, and changes in vaginal microbiota are related to several pregnancy-related complications. Recent studies show reduced lactobacilli, increased bacterial diversity, and low vaginal levels of beta-defensin 2 in women with preterm births. In contrast, early and healthy pregnancies are characterized by low diversity and low numbers of bacterial communities dominated by Lactobacillus. These observations suggest that early vagin...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 27, 2021·Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology·Lidia Lorite AguileraIgnacio Cristóbal Quevedo
Jun 4, 2021·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·Antonella MarangoniVittorio Sambri
Jun 3, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Rola Khamisy-FarahNicola Luigi Bragazzi
Aug 17, 2021·Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences·Margherita Dall'AstaFrancesca Danesi
Sep 25, 2021·BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·Giulia Karnauchovas Porto CunhaSilvana Maria Quintana

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
hysterectomies
biopsies

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