Recent Mobility of Casposons, Self-Synthesizing Transposons at the Origin of the CRISPR-Cas Immunity

Genome Biology and Evolution
Mart KrupovicE V Koonin

Abstract

Casposons are a superfamily of putative self-synthesizing transposable elements that are predicted to employ a homolog of Cas1 protein as a recombinase and could have contributed to the origin of the CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity systems in archaea and bacteria. Casposons remain uncharacterized experimentally, except for the recent demonstration of the integrase activity of the Cas1 homolog, and given their relative rarity in archaea and bacteria, original comparative genomic analysis has not provided direct indications of their mobility. Here, we report evidence of casposon mobility obtained by comparison of the genomes of 62 strains of the archaeon Methanosarcina mazei. In these genomes, casposons are variably inserted in three distinct sites indicative of multiple, recent gains, and losses. Some casposons are inserted into other mobile genetic elements that might provide vehicles for horizontal transfer of the casposons. Additionally, many M. mazei genomes contain previously undetected solo terminal inverted repeats that apparently are derived from casposons and could resemble intermediates in CRISPR evolution. We further demonstrate the sequence specificity of casposon insertion and note clear parallels with the adaptation m...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 3, 2016·Current Opinion in Microbiology·Mart Krupovic, Eugene V Koonin
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Oct 7, 2017·Genome Biology and Evolution·Eugene V Koonin, Kira S Makarova
Oct 7, 2017·Genome Biology and Evolution·Celine PetitjeanEugene V Koonin
Feb 19, 2019·Environmental Microbiology·Mart KrupovicEugene V Koonin
Mar 25, 2019·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Eugene V Koonin, Kira S Makarova
Jun 6, 2017·Nature Microbiology·Rodolphe Barrangou, Philippe Horvath
Jul 29, 2020·Scientific Reports·Saskia-Camille Flament-SimonModesto Redrejo-Rodríguez
Mar 30, 2020·The ISME Journal·Ruonan WuJames M Tiedje
May 23, 2019·Nucleic Acids Research·Pierre BéguinMart Krupovic

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Software Mentioned

MUSCLE
UGENE
TBLASTN
FastTree
EasyFig
BLAST
PSI
Newick

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