Recent trends in reproductive tourism and international surrogacy: ethical considerations and challenges for policy

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
Raywat Deonandan

Abstract

Reproductive tourism, or "cross-border reproductive care", is the phenomenon of people crossing international borders to access reproductive technologies. One of the fastest-growing categories of cross-border reproductive care is international surrogacy, the act of infertile clients traveling internationally to engage the paid services of foreign surrogates to carry their babies to term. It is a multibillion-dollar global industry presenting unique legal, ethical, and risk-management challenges. Clients tend to be price-sensitive, middle-income individuals seeking services from surrogates who in the global market are thought to be of quite low socioeconomic status. Risks are experienced by all parties involved in the transaction, including the client's countries of origin and destination. The risks to the surrogate evolve from the potential to exploit her economic vulnerability in order to encourage both consent and unfair pricing. Opportunities for policy development are explored.

Citations

Sep 22, 2018·Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacký, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia·David RumpikSilvie Belaskova
Apr 2, 2019·Open Medicine·Mara SimopoulouMichael Koutsilieris
Jul 29, 2019·World Journal of Urology·Peris Castaneda, Chad Ellimoottil
Nov 9, 2016·Israel Journal of Health Policy Research·Catarina Samorinha, Susana Silva
May 29, 2018·Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics·Mahmoud SalamaPasquale Patrizio
Jul 18, 2018·Globalization and Health·Daniel Béland, Amy Zarzeczny
May 17, 2018·American Journal of Law & Medicine·Eric A Feldman
Nov 6, 2020·Risk Management and Healthcare Policy·Xince ShenQiuzi Wu
Apr 12, 2021·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·Annie YauSteven Spandorfer
Jun 25, 2021·Human Fertility : Journal of the British Fertility Society·Jutharat AttawetElizabeth Sullivan

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