Recognition and Management of Pediatric Salt Toxicity

Pediatric Emergency Care
Eike BlohmKavita Babu

Abstract

Immediate recognition of salt toxicity and aggressive resuscitative measures are critical in the treatment of this lethal poisoning. Despite heroic measures, pediatric deaths due to salt toxicity still occur from irreversible neurological damage. The objective of this article is to review the relevant literature and offer a therapeutic algorithm for the management of pediatric patients presenting with salt toxicity. A literature search for cases of salt toxicity was conducted. Articles in English that were available electronically through PubMed and Google Scholar were reviewed. Nineteen cases and case series of salt toxicity were located using our search strategy. Salt poisoning has a distinct pathophysiology compared with hypernatremia, most notable for the lack of formation of idiogenic osmoles. The approach to treatment differs between salt toxicity and hypernatremia, focusing on rapid correction of serum osmolality rather than gradual normalization of serum sodium concentrations. Consultation of nephrology and child protection services are strongly recommended in the comprehensive treatment approach.

References

May 1, 1990·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Y H LienL Chan
Oct 1, 1987·Pediatric Nephrology : Journal of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association·S el-DahrR L Chevalier
Aug 1, 1974·Postgraduate Medical Journal·C J Roberts, M J Noakes
Apr 1, 1983·Southern Medical Journal·J R BaughM R Weir
Apr 1, 1993·Archives of Disease in Childhood·R Meadow
Apr 6, 1999·Paediatric Anaesthesia·O PautJ Camboulives
Aug 21, 2001·Pediatric Nephrology : Journal of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association·M L MoritzL P Singer
Jan 18, 2003·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Malcolm G Coulthard, George B Haycock
Dec 18, 2003·Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology·Marcel J Casavant, Jill A Fitch
Nov 2, 2004·Journal of Analytical Toxicology·Thomas C KupiecVishnu Raj
Nov 24, 2004·Legal Medicine·Elisabeth Elena TürkMichael Tsokos
Jan 5, 2007·Indian Journal of Pediatrics·Faruk IncecikSakir Altunbasak
Oct 20, 2009·Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA·Tzu-Ying YangLing-Yu Yang
Feb 5, 2010·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·Karkal Ravishankar Naik, Aralikatte O Saroja
Jun 10, 2010·Indian Journal of Pediatrics·Umar A QuereshiImtiyaz N Bhat
Dec 14, 2012·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Samuel N CheuvrontMichael N Sawka
May 16, 2013·Critical Care : the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum·Christian Overgaard-Steensen, Troels Ring
Jun 6, 2013·The Journal of Emergency Medicine·David J CarlbergChristopher P Holstege
Oct 15, 2013·Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health·Anna SidorManfred Cierpka
Nov 10, 2013·The Journal of Emergency Medicine·Azeemuddin AhmedAmy Engelman
Mar 13, 2014·The Journal of Pediatrics·Carolyn L AbitbolGaston Zilleruelo
Mar 22, 2014·Kidney International·Li FanMark J Sarnak
Mar 27, 2015·Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine·Parnandi Bhaskar RaoBanani Poddar

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Sep 28, 2018·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Jonas HöjerJenny Westerbergh
Apr 13, 2021·Clinical Kidney Journal·Christian Overgaard-SteensenRichard H Sterns

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Health Information and Libraries Journal
Eva NourbakhshKenneth Nugent
The American Journal of Medicine
Shazia AhmadDevin Steenkamp
The New England Journal of Medicine
E L Stern
Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists
Eike BlohmMark Neavyn
Pediatric Nephrology : Journal of the International Pediatric Nephrology Association
S el-DahrR L Chevalier
© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved