Recommended Rice Intake Levels Based on Average Daily Dose and Urinary Excretion of Cadmium in a Cadmium-Contaminated Area of Northwestern Thailand

Toxicological Research
Aroon La-UpSureeporn Uthaikhup

Abstract

This study was performed to investigate the dose-response relationship between average daily cadmium dose (ADCD) from rice and the occurrence of urinary cadmium (U-Cd) in individuals eating that rice. This was a retrospective cohort designed to compare populations from two areas with different levels of cadmium contamination. Five-hundred and sixty-seven participants aged 18 years or older were interviewed to estimate their rice intake, and were assessed for U-Cd. The sources of consumed rice were sampled for cadmium measurement, from which the ADCD was estimated. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between ADCD and U-Cd (cut-off point at 2 μg/g creatinine), and a correlation between them was established. The lowest estimate was ADCD = 0.5 μg/kg bw/day [odds ratio (OR) = 1.71; with a 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-2.87]. For comparison, the relationship in the contaminated area is expressed by ADCD = 0.7 μg/kg bw/day, OR = 1.84; [95 % CI, 1.06-3.19], while no relationship was found in the non-contaminated area, meaning that the highest level at which this relationship does not exist is ADCD = 0.6 μg/kg bw/day [95% CI, 0.99-2.95]. Rice, as a main staple food, is the most likely source of dietary cad...Continue Reading

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