Recovering The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique : The 3Rs and the Human Essence of Animal Research

Science, Technology & Human Values
Robert G W Kirk

Abstract

The 3Rs, or the replacement, reduction, and refinement of animal research, are widely accepted as the best approach to maximizing high-quality science while ensuring the highest standard of ethical consideration is applied in regulating the use of animals in scientific procedures. This contrasts with the muted scientific interest in the 3Rs when they were first proposed in The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique (1959). Indeed, the relative success of the 3Rs has done little to encourage engagement with their original text, which remains little read and out of print. By adopting a historical perspective, this article argues that one explanation for this disjunction may be found in another, more celebrated, event of 1959: C. P. Snow's Rede lecture on The Two Cultures. The moral outlook of The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique derived from an earlier ethos wherein humanistic and scientific values occupied a shared culture. While the synthetic style of The Principles has hindered its readership, this article concludes that there is value to recovering the notion that the humanities and social sciences can contribute to the improvement of animal research.

References

Sep 2, 2008·Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences·Robert G W Kirk
Mar 31, 2015·Isis; an International Review Devoted to the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences·Warwick Anderson

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Citations

Sep 12, 2019·Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria·Maren de Moraes E SilvaHélio Afonso Ghizoni Teive
Nov 5, 2019·The British Journal of Sociology·Carrie FrieseJuan Pablo Pardo-Guerra
Jul 28, 2020·Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques. Part a·Mahdi Al-TaherMichele Diana
Aug 6, 2020·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Jens H WesthoffJochen Gehrig
Jan 7, 2020·Alternatives to Laboratory Animals : ATLA·Michael Balls, John Parascandola
Feb 11, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Rohit SharmaCamila I de Oliveira
Jul 17, 2018·Science, Technology & Human Values·Carmen McLeod, Sarah Hartley
Jan 26, 2021·Biotechnology Journal·Marna Eliana SakalemMiriane de Oliveira
Jan 19, 2021·Air Medical Journal·Per P BredmoseJostein S Hagemo
Jan 11, 2021·European Journal of Medical Research·Can KamaliFelix Krenzien
Aug 19, 2021·The International Journal of Artificial Organs·Miriam WeisskopfNikola Cesarovic
Nov 26, 2021·Alternatives to Laboratory Animals : ATLA·Geonildo Rodrigo DisnerMonica Lopes-Ferreira
Dec 24, 2021·DNA and Cell Biology·Kristoffer Haurum Johansen
Oct 7, 2021·Journal of Food Protection·Jefferson de Oliveira MalliaVasilis Valdramidis

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