Abstract
The effects of recreational drugs on CD4 and CD8 T cells in humans are not well understood. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of men who have sex with men (MSM) enrolled in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) to define associations between self-reported use of marijuana, cocaine, poppers and amphetamines, and CD4 and CD8 T cell parameters in both HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected MSM. For the HIV-infected MSM, we used clinical and laboratory data collected semiannually before 1996 to avoid potential effects of antiretroviral treatment. A regression model that allowed random intercepts and slopes as well as autoregressive covariance structure for within subject errors was used. Potential confounders adjusted for included length of follow-up, demographics, tobacco smoking, alcohol use, risky sexual behaviors, history of sexually transmitted infections, and antiviral therapy. We found no clinically meaningful associations between use of marijuana, cocaine, poppers, or amphetamines and CD4 and CD8 T cell counts, percentages, or rates of change in either HIV-uninfected or -infected men. The regression coefficients were of minimum magnitude despite some reaching statistical significance. No threshold effect was detected for fre...Continue Reading
References
Nov 18, 1977·Science·J W Tukey
Jan 1, 1991·Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology·E M DaxJ H Jaffe
Jan 1, 1991·Life Sciences·M Freire-GarabalA Belmonte
Jun 16, 1989·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·R A KaslowR O Valdiserri
Aug 1, 1987·American Journal of Epidemiology·R A KaslowC R Rinaldo
Jan 1, 1988·Journal of Psychoactive Drugs·J M WallaceR G Barbers
Mar 1, 1973·Archives of Environmental Health·G D FriedmanM F Collen
Apr 15, 1983·Journal of Immunological Methods·R E Chambers, J T Whicher
Mar 1, 1994·Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology·P RuizB Steele
Sep 21, 1995·The New England Journal of Medicine·R E ChaissonR D Moore
Mar 1, 1994·Chest·J M WallaceD P Tashkin
Mar 11, 1993·Nature·M S AscherE Vittinghoff
Jan 1, 1996·Life Sciences·E B Rey-RoldanC Libertun
Jan 10, 1998·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·D VlahovH Farzadegan
Jun 4, 1998·Journal of Neuroimmunology·T W KleinS Specter
Jun 4, 1998·Journal of Neuroimmunology·T Pellegrino, B M Bayer
Aug 18, 2000·Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology·M Domingues-JuniorJ Palermo-Neto
Nov 5, 2002·Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·Barry M BredtDonald I Abrams
Aug 23, 2003·Biostatistics·R HendersonA Dobson
Jan 27, 2004·Journal of Neuroimmunology·Thomas W KleinHerman Friedman
Jul 1, 1996·Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety·E P LarratK Mayer
Oct 16, 2004·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Lorna E ThorpeRonald C Hershow
May 10, 2005·European Journal of Pharmacology·Myoungki Baek, Michael Weiss
Nov 25, 2006·Statistics in Medicine·Robert M ElashoffNing Li
Citations
Aug 11, 2011·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology·Patricia E MolinaCurtis Vande Stouwe
Nov 13, 2013·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology·Jasmine ShiraziPooja Jain
Feb 6, 2009·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Joseph A PolitchDeborah J Anderson
Aug 30, 2012·International Journal of STD & AIDS·S ShoptawM W Plankey
Feb 8, 2014·PloS One·Ulisses Ramos MontarroyosRicardo Arraes de Alencar Ximenes
Mar 22, 2014·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Jade GhosnUNKNOWN Evarist–ANRS EP 49 Study Group
Jan 12, 2011·Life Sciences·Judith A Cook
Jul 20, 2010·International Immunopharmacology·Maciej M JankowskiArtur H Swiergiel
Nov 26, 2008·The American Journal of Medicine·Clifford P MartinStephen A Klotz
Aug 16, 2014·HIV Medicine·R WeberUNKNOWN Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Apr 4, 2016·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Paola ZuluagaRoberto Muga
Aug 25, 2015·Frontiers in Public Health·Alexey Karetnikov
Apr 14, 2016·Drug and Alcohol Review·Fabienne MarcellinUNKNOWN HEPAVIH ANRS CO13 Study Group*
May 7, 2014·BioMed Research International·Dongliang LiYifei Hu
Feb 4, 2014·The American Journal of Pathology·Jui PandhareChandravanu Dash
Dec 9, 2014·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Matthew B FeldmanMary K Irvine
Feb 28, 2015·PloS One·Christina C MarascoJohn P Wikswo
Nov 4, 2016·The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse·Chukwuemeka N OkaforMichael W Plankey
Jun 7, 2014·Experimental Biology and Medicine·Christina C MarascoJohn P Wikswo
Apr 28, 2017·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·David R LorenzDana Gabuzda
Feb 19, 2015·Journal of Leukocyte Biology·Amma B AddaiChandravanu Dash
Nov 6, 2015·Frontiers in Microbiology·Sabyasachi DashJui Pandhare
Aug 14, 2019·AIDS·Cecilia T Costiniuk, Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
May 5, 2018·Frontiers in Immunology·Rajnish S DaveSiddappa N Byrareddy
Feb 20, 2019·AIDS and Behavior·James T LeeTodd Hulgan
Nov 26, 2019·AIDS·Cecilia T Costiniuk, Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
Feb 16, 2021·Neuroscience Letters·Barkha J Yadav-Samudrala, Sylvia Fitting
Jan 1, 2019·Journal of Cannabis Research·Omayma Alshaarawy
Jul 9, 2019·Journal of Cannabis Research·Omayma Alshaarawy
May 2, 2021·AIDS and Behavior·Vanessa Castro-GranellMaría José Fuster-RuizdeApodaca
Sep 18, 2020·Pain·Mohammed MohiuddinIan Gilron