Redifferentiation therapy in advanced thyroid cancer

Current Drug Targets. Immune, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
B Haugen

Abstract

Thyroid cancer is a relatively common malignancy with an estimated prevalence of 250,000 in the U.S. A minority of patients have poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma that is unresponsive to radioiodine therapy. Redifferentiation agents that 'reprogram' these tumors to concentrate radioiodine would be of great value in treating patients with advanced thyroid cancer. The retinoid isotretinoin is the most extensively studied of these agents. It appears that 20-40% of patients respond to isotretinoin treatment by concentration of radioiodine in metastatic tumors, but the clinical utility of this redifferentiation is still unclear. In vitro studies suggest that the retinoid receptors (RARbeta and RXRgamma) are required for this effect. Abnormal DNA methylation may be an early event in thyroid tumorigenesis and methylation of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS) may play a role in the loss of iodine concentration in these tumors. Inhibitors of methylation (5-azacytidine, phenylacetate and sodium butyrate) have been shown to increase NIS expression and iodine uptake in cell culture models, but published trials in humans are not yet available. Histone acetylation is required for efficient transcription of genes necessary for differenti...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 2, 2008·European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging·M LusterUNKNOWN European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM)
Aug 8, 2006·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·Undraga SchagdarsurenginReinhard Dammann
Mar 18, 2008·Biomedical Papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palacký, Olomouc, Czechoslovakia·Julius Brtko
Feb 4, 2014·Cancer Treatment Reviews·Eleonore Fröhlich, Richard Wahl
Apr 1, 2010·Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging·June-Key ChungKeon Wook Kang
Nov 1, 2005·Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics·Orla Sheils
Dec 2, 2008·Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism·Christoph ReinersMarkus Luster
May 18, 2010·Biochemical Pharmacology·Steven I Sherman
Oct 14, 2014·Endocrinology and Metabolism·June-Key Chung, Gi Jeong Cheon
Jul 17, 2016·Endocrine-related Cancer·Giuseppe PalladinoMatteo Landriscina
Oct 17, 2017·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·Kathrin A SchmohlChristine Spitzweg
Dec 14, 2017·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Mei-Chieh ChenSung-Po Hsu

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