Redistribution of PM2.5 -associated nitrate and ammonium during outdoor-to-indoor transport

Indoor Air
Cong LiuHongyu Guo

Abstract

Nitrate and ammonium ions are major constituents of outdoor PM2.5 . Human exposure to these ions occurs primarily indoors. To assess the adverse outcomes from exposure to them, it is necessary to quantify the relationships between outdoor and indoor PM2.5 nitrate and ammonium. The relationships for the two semi-volatile ions are more complex than those of non-volatile PM2.5 constituents (eg, sulfate, elemental carbon). This study presents a mechanistic description of their outdoor-indoor relationships that incorporates a dynamic gas-particle partitioning and key parameters such as the pH and water content of PM2.5 . Compared to measurements of nitrate and ammonium, the model has normalized mean biases of -9% and -42% and correlation coefficients of 0.95 and 0.68 for nitrate and ammonium, respectively. This suggests satisfactory agreement for nitrate, but less strong for ammonium. Sensitivity analysis on key parameters indicates that the model generally works well across a range of values typical of indoor settings. The model's performance is sensitive to pH and water content in PM2.5 , which control the gas-particle partitioning process. Indoor PM2.5 tends to be more acidic than outdoor PM2.5 , raising potential health concern....Continue Reading

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