Reduce, reuse, recycle - Developmental signals in spinal cord regeneration

Developmental Biology
Marcos Julian CardozoCatherina G Becker

Abstract

Anamniotes, fishes and amphibians, have the capacity to regenerate spinal cord tissue after injury, generating new neurons that mature and integrate into the spinal circuitry. Elucidating the molecular signals that promote this regeneration is a fundamental question in regeneration research. Model systems, such as salamanders and larval and adult zebrafish are used to analyse successful regeneration. This shows that many developmental signals, such as Notch, Hedgehog (Hh), Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP), Wnt, Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF), Retinoic Acid (RA) and neurotransmitters are redeployed during regeneration and activate resident spinal progenitor cells. Here we compare the roles of these signals in spinal cord development and regeneration of the much larger and fully patterned adult spinal cord. Understanding how developmental signalling systems are reactivated in successfully regenerating species may ultimately lead to ways to reactivate similar systems in mammalian progenitor cells, which do not show neurogenesis after spinal injury.

Citations

Feb 23, 2019·Developmental Neurobiology·Polina D FreitasJames R Monaghan
Feb 17, 2018·Neural Regeneration Research·Armando L GarciaAbigail S Hackam
Dec 11, 2019·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Kristi A StreeterDavid D Fuller
Feb 27, 2020·Nature Reviews. Neurology·Susan L LindsaySusan C Barnett
Jun 21, 2019·PLoS Biology·Abiud Cantu GutierrezJoshua D Wythe
May 29, 2020·Disease Models & Mechanisms·Valentina CigliolaKenneth D Poss
Feb 3, 2021·Neural Development·Gabriela Edwards-FaretJuan Larraín

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