Reduction in predicted survival times in cold water due to wind and waves

Applied Ergonomics
Jonathan PowerM J Tipton

Abstract

Recent marine accidents have called into question the level of protection provided by immersion suits in real (harsh) life situations. Two immersion suit studies, one dry and the other with 500 mL of water underneath the suit, were conducted in cold water with 10-12 males in each to test body heat loss under three environmental conditions: calm, as mandated for immersion suit certification, and two combinations of wind plus waves to simulate conditions typically found offshore. In both studies mean skin heat loss was higher in wind and waves vs. calm; deep body temperature and oxygen consumption were not different. Mean survival time predictions exceeded 36 h for all conditions in the first study but were markedly less in the second in both calm and wind and waves. Immersion suit protection and consequential predicted survival times under realistic environmental conditions and with leakage are reduced relative to calm conditions.

References

Jan 1, 1991·The Journal of the Society of Occupational Medicine·M J Tipton
Dec 1, 1989·Clinical Science·M J Tipton
Nov 1, 1995·International Journal of Biometeorology·P Tikuisis
Jan 1, 1996·European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology·M J Tipton, P J Balmi
Jun 30, 1943·The Journal of Physiology·H Barcroft, O G Edholm
Nov 11, 2010·Journal of Athletic Training·Joseph W DomitrovichBrent C Ruby

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Citations

Sep 17, 2016·Applied Ergonomics·Arthur StewartHector Williams
May 29, 2018·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Anne Z BeetheChristopher Connaboy
Dec 6, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Beat KnechtlePantelis T Nikolaidis
Dec 18, 2015·Applied Ergonomics·Jonathan PowerMichael Tipton

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