Reduction in pulmonary vascular resistance with long-term epoprostenol (prostacyclin) therapy in primary pulmonary hypertension

The New England Journal of Medicine
V V McLaughlinS Rich

Abstract

Primary (idiopathic) pulmonary hypertension is a progressive, fatal disease. Conventional therapy with anticoagulant and vasodilator drugs may improve symptoms and survival among selected patients, but there is no evidence that the disease can be reversed. We evaluated the effects of long-term therapy (i.e., for more than one year) with intravenous epoprostenol (prostacyclin) in patients with advanced primary pulmonary hypertension. The base-line evaluation included an assessment of pulmonary vascular dilation in response to intravenous adenosine. The epoprostenol dose was increased monthly to the maximum tolerated. Long-term therapy was evaluated by measuring improvement in symptoms, exercise capacity, and hemodynamic measures. We evaluated 27 patients with primary pulmonary hypertension over a mean (+/-SD) period of 16.7+/-5.2 months. Intravenous adenosine had a variable effect on pulmonary vascular resistance (mean reduction, 27 percent; range, 0 to 56; P<0.001). Epoprostenol therapy was initiated and the rate of infusion was increased by an average of 2.4 ng per kilogram of body weight per minute each month. Twenty-six of the 27 patients had improvement in symptoms and hemodynamic measures, and overall, pulmonary vascular r...Continue Reading

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