Reduction of HIV-1 Reservoir Size and Diversity After 1 Year of cART Among Brazilian Individuals Starting Treatment During Early Stages of Acute Infection

Frontiers in Microbiology
Thaysse Ferreira LeiteMonick Lindenmeyer Guimarães

Abstract

The aim of early combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) of HIV is to limit the seeding of the viral reservoir during the initial phase of infection and, consequently, decrease intrahost viral diversity. Here, we assessed the effect of early cART on size and complexity of the proviral reservoir. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and plasma samples were obtained from ten HIV-infected Brazilian individuals diagnosed at the acute phase of infection, before (PREART) and 12 months (M12ART) after suppressive cART. HIV proviral reservoir size was determined by quantitative real-time PCR; intrahost viral diversity of the env C2-V3 region was assessed by single genome amplification or next-generation sequencing in PBMC and plasma, respectively. Mean nucleotide diversity (π) and normalized Shannon entropy (HSN) were used to infer the complexity of the viral population. Compared to PREART, M12ART saw an immunological recovery with a gain of ∼200 CD4+ T cells (P = 0.008) and a normalization of the CD4/CD8 ratio [1.0 (IQR: 0.88-1.18), P = 0.016], as well as a significant decrease in HIV-1 RNA (∼4 log, P = 0.004) and DNA (∼1 log, P = 0.002) levels. The median time to achieve viral suppression was 3 months (IQR: 2.8-5.8 months). The hig...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 28, 2020·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Noemia S LimaLydie Trautmann
Jun 20, 2020·Nature Reviews. Disease Primers·John R KoetheJacqueline Capeau
Nov 16, 2020·Current Opinion in Pharmacology·Andrew Wilson, Rebecca M Lynch

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
PRJNA487221

Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
SGA
PCR

Software Mentioned

MEGA
Geneious
R package vegan
jModeltest
ClustalW
Hypermut
SeqMan
MultiSet
PhyML
GraphPad

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