Reductions and changing patterns of ambient PCDD/Fs in the UK: evidence and implications

Chemosphere
Ashraf HassaninKevin C Jones

Abstract

Archived herbage samples taken between the mid-1800s and the present day from the Park Grass permanent grassland experiment in the UK were analysed for PCDD/Fs. The concentrations of SigmaP((4-8))CDD/Fs ranged between 15 (in 2003-2004) and 320 pg/g (in 1963) and the SigmaTEQ ranged between 0.11 (2003-2004) and 2.4 pg/g in (1903). The underlying trend from the mid-1970s to the present is of a decline by about factor of 10, indicating a general reduction in the air concentration/deposition fluxes. The homologue pattern in samples from the first half of the 20th century was characterised by the lower (mono- to tri-) PCDFs, indicating the dominance of domestic wood/coal burning on the SigmaP((1-8))CDD/Fs signature. The second half of the 20th century saw a substantial decline in domestic wood/coal burning for space heating in the UK, but also the 'rise and fall' in the production/use of chloroaromatic compounds - notably pentachlorophenol (PCP). The isomer/homologue patterns for the 1960-2004 samples have a much lower contribution from the lower PCDFs and large contributions from the hepta and octa-CDDs. The possibility that these are related to PCP inputs via different routes is discussed. The UK - in line with other countries - h...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 20, 2007·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Richard J C BrownSharon L Goddard
Dec 20, 2013·Environmental Science & Technology·Anteneh T AssefaKarin Wiberg
May 3, 2013·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Andrew S BrownIan Roberts
Jan 24, 2009·Environment International·Marta SchuhmacherJosé L Domingo
Jul 6, 2010·Environmental Science & Technology·Athanasios KatsoyiannisKevin C Jones
Sep 19, 2007·Environmental Science & Technology·Huiru LiPing'an Peng

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