Reevaluating cases of trait-dependent diversification in primates

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Jeremiah E Scott

Abstract

Previous investigations have identified several ecological traits that may have shaped differences in species richness among primate clades by influencing speciation and extinction probabilities. In this study, I reevaluate these cases in light of concerns about high false-positive rates of the methods used to detect trait-dependent diversification. Data for six traits were taken from the literature: activity pattern, sociality, mating system, terrestriality, frugivory, and mutualistic interactions with angiosperms (i.e., seed dispersal and pollination). These traits were treated as binary variables and analyzed in a phylogenetic framework using likelihood-based and nonparametric methods for estimating trait-specific diversification rates. Of the traits analyzed here, only activity pattern was found by all methods to be correlated with diversification: diurnal primates diversify at higher rates than nocturnal primates. Solitary foragers have a lower rate of diversification than group-living primates, but this link is driven by the association between solitariness and nocturnality. These results indicate that ecological traits have had a more limited influence on primate diversification than suggested by previous studies. The fa...Continue Reading

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