Reexamining the Literature on Terminal Ulcers, SCALE, Skin Failure, and Unavoidable Pressure Injuries

Advances in Skin & Wound Care
Elizabeth A AyelloR Gary Sibbald

Abstract

To synthesize the literature regarding skin injuries that are found in patients at the end of life and to clarify the terms used to describe these conditions. This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. After completing this continuing education activity, you should be better able to:1. Define the terms used to describe pressure injuries and skin changes at the end of life.2. Discuss the concept of skin failure as applied to end-of-life skin injuries and implications for practice. This article synthesizes the literature regarding the concepts of "terminal" skin injuries that are found in patients at the end of life, including Kennedy terminal ulcers, Skin Changes At Life's End, Trombley-Brennan terminal tissue injuries, and skin failure. Also included is a discussion of avoidable and unavoidable pressure injuries as defined and differentiated by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. To help clarify the controversy among these terms, a unifying concept of "skin failure" that may occur with an acute illness, chronic illness, or as part of the dying process is prop...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Feb 15, 2020·Advances in Skin & Wound Care·R Gary Sibbald, Elizabeth A Ayello
Jan 3, 2020·Advances in Neonatal Care : Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses·Ani Jacob, Deborah Grabher
May 21, 2019·Advances in Skin & Wound Care·Jan Kottner, Michael Clark
Dec 20, 2019·Advances in Skin & Wound Care·Jeffrey M Levine
Jan 24, 2020·Advances in Skin & Wound Care·Jeffrey M LevineSanthini Namagiri
Jan 12, 2021·Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing : Official Publication of the Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society·Joyce PittmanJanet Cuddigan
Apr 2, 2021·Critical Care Nurse·Michael MileskiJessica Natividad
May 19, 2021·Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing : Official Publication of the Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society
Jul 15, 2021·Advances in Skin & Wound Care·Jeffrey M LevineRuth Spinner
Sep 9, 2021·Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing : Official Publication of the Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society·Vicky Pontieri-LewisDea J Kent
Jun 28, 2021·Advances in Skin & Wound Care·Lizanne DalgleishFiona Coyer
Nov 7, 2021·Journal of Nursing Scholarship : an Official Publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing·Francisco Pedro García-FernándezPedro L Pancorbo-Hidalgo
Dec 1, 2021·International Journal of Palliative Nursing·Gillian Raine
Nov 30, 2021·Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing : JHPN : the Official Journal of the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association·Anne Walsh

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