Refining the type A hypothesis: emergence of the hostility complex

The American Journal of Cardiology
R B Williams

Abstract

Recent negative research findings have raised questions regarding the robustness of the Type A hypothesis. A growing body of evidence suggests that not all aspects of the global Type A behavior pattern are pathogenic, but only those concerned with hostility and anger. Biologic mechanisms responsible for increased risk of coronary disease in persons with high levels of hostility and anger appear to involve increased cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to behavioral challenge, and, possibly, inadequate parasympathetic antagonism of sympathetic nervous system effects. Future research should concentrate on further refining our understanding of the hostility complex and its pathophysiologic mechanisms.

Associated Clinical Trials

References

Feb 1, 1978·Psychosomatic Medicine·C D JenkinsR H Rosenman
Apr 1, 1978·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology·C S Carver, D C Glass
Oct 1, 1978·Circulation·J A BlumenthalL W Thompson
Sep 1, 1989·The American Journal of Cardiology·J C BarefootR B Williams
Mar 21, 1985·The New England Journal of Medicine·R B CaseUNKNOWN Multicenter Post-Infarction Research Group
May 1, 1985·Psychosomatic Medicine·T M DembroskiJ A Blumenthal
Dec 1, 1985·Journal of Behavioral Medicine·J B Cohen, D Reed
Mar 1, 1983·Psychosomatic Medicine·J C BarefootR B Williams
Feb 1, 1980·American Journal of Public Health·S G Haynes, M Feinleib
Nov 1, 1980·Psychosomatic Medicine·R B WilliamsR E Whalen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 24, 2005·International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health·Daniel PreckelJoachim E Fischer
Jan 1, 1991·Journal of Psychosomatic Research·B P BuchmanR M Kaplan
Jan 1, 1989·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·J M Cruickshank, J C Smith
Oct 17, 2001·Journal of Psychosomatic Research·J M Le MellédoJ Bradwejn
Jul 1, 1997·Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine·K B King
Dec 15, 2010·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Marco Del GiudiceElizabeth A Shirtcliff
Dec 9, 2000·Journal of Gerontological Nursing·J Fleury, C Keller
Jun 1, 1995·Psychological Reports·K Catipović-VeselicaA Lauc
Nov 10, 2005·European Journal of Clinical Nutrition·J C UmhauD T George
May 1, 1998·International Journal of Group Psychotherapy·R Allan, S Scheidt

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cardiovascular Diseases: Risk Factors

Cardiovascular disease is a significant health concern. Risk factors include hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and smoking. Women who are postmenopausal are at an increased risk of heart disease. Here is the latest research for risk factors of cardiovascular disease.