Reflective Amplification without Population Inversion from a Strongly Driven Superconducting Qubit

Physical Review Letters
P Y WenI-C Hoi

Abstract

Amplification of optical or microwave fields is often achieved by strongly driving a medium to induce population inversion such that a weak probe can be amplified through stimulated emission. Here we strongly couple a superconducting qubit, an artificial atom, to the field in a semi-infinite waveguide. When driving the qubit strongly on resonance such that a Mollow triplet appears, we observe a 7% amplitude gain for a weak probe at frequencies in between the triplet. This amplification is not due to population inversion, neither in the bare qubit basis nor in the dressed-state basis, but instead results from a four-photon process that converts energy from the strong drive to the weak probe. We find excellent agreement between the experimental results and numerical simulations without any free fitting parameters. Since our device consists of a single two-level artificial atom, the simplest possible quantum system, it can be viewed as the most fundamental version of a four-wave-mixing parametric amplifier.

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Citations

Apr 26, 2018·Physical Review Letters·Anton Frisk KockumFranco Nori
Dec 24, 2019·Physical Review Letters·P Y WenI-C Hoi
Jul 19, 2020·Optics Express·Chia-Yi JuYueh-Nan Chen
Dec 18, 2019·Scientific Reports·Kuan-Ting LinGuin-Dar Lin

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