Regeneration in the enteropneust hemichordate, Ptychodera flava, and its evolutionary implications

Development, Growth & Differentiation
Asuka Arimoto, Kuni Tagawa

Abstract

Hemichordates are marine invertebrates that are closely related to chordates, but while their body plans are comparable to those of chordates, they possess a remarkable capacity for regeneration, even as adults. A small fragment is sufficient to form a complete individual. Unlike echinoderms, their larvae transform directly into adults; therefore, hemichordate systems offer clear morphological and molecular parallels between regeneration and development. Morphological events in regeneration are generally similar to organogenesis in juveniles. Nonetheless, comparative analysis of gene expression in these two morphological phenomena suggests that hemichordate regeneration is regulated by regeneration-specific mechanisms, as well as by developmental mechanisms. Dependency upon resident pluripotent/multipotent stem cells is a significant difference in metazoan regeneration, and such stem cells are essential for regeneration in many lineages. Based on the present gene expression study, regeneration in acorn worms is more closely related to that in vertebrates, because it employs endogenous stem cell-independent transdifferentiation.

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Citations

Aug 26, 2019·Cell and Tissue Research·Rossella AnnunziataMaria I Arnone
Aug 23, 2018·Development, Growth & Differentiation·Tetsuya BandoHarukazu Nakamura
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Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Cinzia FerrarioLoriano Ballarin
Oct 8, 2021·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Baruch RinkevichBert Hobmayer

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