Regulation of actin by ion-linked equilibria

Biophysical Journal
Hyeran KangEnrique M De La Cruz

Abstract

Actin assembly, filament mechanical properties, and interactions with regulatory proteins depend on the types and concentrations of salts in solution. Salts modulate actin through both nonspecific electrostatic effects and specific binding to discrete sites. Multiple cation-binding site classes spanning a broad range of affinities (nanomolar to millimolar) have been identified on actin monomers and filaments. This review focuses on discrete, low-affinity cation-binding interactions that drive polymerization, regulate filament-bending mechanics, and modulate interactions with regulatory proteins. Cation binding may be perturbed by actin post-translational modifications and linked equilibria. Partial cation occupancy under physiological and commonly used in vitro solution conditions likely contribute to filament mechanical heterogeneity and structural polymorphism. Site-specific cation-binding residues are conserved in Arp2 and Arp3, and may play a role in Arp2/3 complex activation and actin-filament branching activity. Actin-salt interactions demonstrate the relevance of ion-linked equilibria in the operation and regulation of complex biological systems.

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Citations

Dec 4, 2014·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Hyeran KangEnrique M De La Cruz
Jun 6, 2015·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Paula NunesUdo Hasler
Apr 18, 2014·Biophysical Journal·Marissa G SaundersGregory A Voth
May 6, 2016·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Glen M HockyGregory A Voth
May 26, 2016·Biophysical Journal·Antoine Jégou, Guillaume Romet-Lemonne
Sep 25, 2017·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·W Austin ElamEnrique M De La Cruz
Nov 2, 2018·Biophysics Reviews·Fikret AydinGregory A Voth
Feb 15, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Steven Z Chou, Thomas D Pollard
Apr 9, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Christian N NguetseElizabeth S Egan
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Jan 6, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Eunkyoung LeeAbel Rosado
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Apr 3, 2018·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Nicholas CastanedaHyeran Kang
Aug 24, 2021·Frontiers of Physics·Nicholas CastanedaEllen Hyeran Kang

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