Regulation of gene expression in the nervous system

The Biochemical Journal
Lezanne Ooi, Ian C Wood

Abstract

The nervous system contains a multitude of cell types which are specified during development by cascades of transcription factors acting combinatorially. Some of these transcription factors are only active during development, whereas others continue to function in the mature nervous system to maintain appropriate gene-expression patterns in differentiated cells. Underpinning the function of the nervous system is its plasticity in response to external stimuli, and many transcription factors are involved in regulating gene expression in response to neuronal activity, allowing us to learn, remember and make complex decisions. Here we review some of the recent findings that have uncovered the molecular mechanisms that underpin the control of gene regulatory networks within the nervous system. We highlight some recent insights into the gene-regulatory circuits in the development and differentiation of cells within the nervous system and discuss some of the mechanisms by which synaptic transmission influences transcription-factor activity in the mature nervous system. Mutations in genes that are important in epigenetic regulation (by influencing DNA methylation and post-translational histone modifications) have long been associated w...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 21, 2010·Neurotoxicity Research·Mario Herrera-MarschitzPeter J Gebicke-Haerter
Jan 19, 2013·Biochimie·Giuseppe Scalabrino, Daniela Veber
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