Regulation of muscle growth by pathogen-associated molecules

Journal of Animal Science
Robert A Frost, Charles H Lang

Abstract

Skeletal muscle demonstrates great plasticity in response to environmental and hormonal factors including pathogen-associated molecules, inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. These signals impinge on muscle by forcing individual muscle fibers to either grow or atrophy. We recently demonstrated that skeletal muscle cells express multiple Toll-like receptors (TLR) that recognize bacterial cell wall components, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Exposure of myocytes to LPS and other TLR ligands initiates an inflammatory response culminating in the autocrine production of cytokines and NO by NO synthase (NOS)2. The TLR signal through protein kinases that phosphorylate and promote the degradation of an inhibitory protein that normally retains the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), in the cytoplasm. Phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor of NFkappaB allows for translocation of NFkappaB to the nucleus and activation of inflammatory genes. Overexpression of a constitutively active inhibitor of NFkappaB kinase in skeletal muscle causes severe wasting, and we found that inhibitors of either the phosphorylation of IkappaB or its proteolytic degradation prevent TLR ligand-induced expression of cytokines ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 12, 2013·Pediatric Research·Shlomit Radom-AizikGregory R Adams
Oct 20, 2012·Alcohol and Alcoholism : International Journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism·Anne M PruznakCharles H Lang
Sep 11, 2012·The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences·John R StehleKevin P High
Apr 15, 2010·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Charles H LangThomas C Vary
Jun 18, 2010·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·Charles H LangThomas C Vary
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Jun 19, 2019·Journal of Animal Science·Emma T HelmNicholas K Gabler
Mar 12, 2015·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Jennifer L Steiner, Charles H Lang
Feb 9, 2021·Experimental Biology and Medicine·Chenyuan LiShengrong Sun
Mar 19, 2021·Journal of Applied Physiology·Kevin CheungMatti D Allen
Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Leticia Moreno-GarcíaRosario Osta
Nov 12, 2009·Journal of Proteomics·Mohamed SalemJianbo Yao

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