Regulation of photoreceptor Per1 and Per2 by light, dopamine and a circadian clock

The European Journal of Neuroscience
J C BesharseJoseph Fogerty

Abstract

In the Xenopus laevis retina, a principal model for retinal circadian organization, photoreceptors have all the properties of circadian oscillators. However, rhythmic oscillations of Per1 gene expression in the inner retina (but not photoreceptors) have been reported in mice with the suggestion that mice and frogs have a different retinal circadian organization. Although it is known that two period genes (xPer1 and xPer2) exhibit different temporal patterns of expression in the Xenopus retina, and that one (xPer2) is directly responsive to light and dopamine, it is not known whether this reflects the properties of period genes within photoreceptor oscillators or among distinct retinal cell populations. We addressed this by determining the cellular site of light and dopamine regulated xPer2 expression, and the diurnal expression of both xPer1 and xPer2 using in situ hybridization. Our data show that both xPer1 and xPer2 are expressed in most cell types in the retina, including inner nuclear neurons and ganglion cells. However, light and quinpirole, a dopamine agonist, increase xPer2 levels specifically in photoreceptors, and the effect of quinpirole, but not light, is blocked by pCPT-cAMP. Furthermore, antiphasic diurnal express...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 1, 2012·Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology·Águeda J Martín-RoblesJosé A Muñoz-Cueto
Mar 24, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Silvia D'AutiliaMassimiliano Andreazzoli
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Oct 3, 2018·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Gladys Y-P Ko
Apr 21, 2016·Journal of Biological Rhythms·Joseph C Besharse, Douglas G McMahon

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