Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the neonatal rat: the role of maternal behavior

Neurotoxicity Research
S Levine

Abstract

There is a growing literature that indicates that exposure to elevated levels of glucocorticoids can result in long term consequences for the developing brain. In the developing rodent there is a period from about day 4-14 when the adrenal response to stress is either minimal or non-existent thus resulting in stable low levels of circulating glucocorticoids. This has been designated as the stress hypo-responsive period (SHRP). Numerous experiments have demonstrated that maternal factors are critical for the regulation of the pup's hypothalamic-pituitarty adrenal (HPA) axis and the maintenance of the SHRP. Following 24 h of maternal deprivation the neonatal rat shows elevated basal levels of corticosterone and exhibits a robust corticosterone and ACTH response to mild stress. Further c-fos mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus is enhanced following stress in deprived pups. At least three aspects of maternal behavior play a role in the regulation of the HPA axis during development. Tactile stimulation appears capable of inhibiting most of the brain-related changes that occur following maternal deprivation. Feeding is essential for maintaining the adrenal unresponsive and reduces the sensitivity of the adrenal to ACTH. Passive conta...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 5, 2010·Psychopharmacology·Siobhain M O'MahonyJohn F Cryan
Apr 25, 2012·Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology·Gábor B MakaraDóra Zelena
Dec 30, 2011·Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung·Angela L McDowellPingfu Feng
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