Regulation of toxin synthesis in Clostridium difficile by an alternative RNA polymerase sigma factor

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Nagraj Mani, Bruno Dupuy

Abstract

Clostridium difficile, a causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhea and its potentially lethal form, pseudomembranous colitis, produces two large protein toxins that are responsible for the cellular damage associated with the disease. The level of toxin production appears to be critical for determining the severity of the disease, but the mechanism by which toxin synthesis is regulated is unknown. The product of a gene, txeR, that lies just upstream of the tox gene cluster was shown to be needed for tox gene expression in vivo and to activate promoter-specific transcription of the tox genes in vitro in conjunction with RNA polymerases from C. difficile, Bacillus subtilis, or Escherichia coli. TxeR was shown to function as an alternative sigma factor for RNA polymerase. Because homologs of TxeR regulate synthesis of toxins and a bacteriocin in other Clostridium species, TxeR appears to be a prototype for a novel mode of regulation of toxin genes.

References

Jan 20, 1992·Journal of Molecular Biology·F W Whipple, A L Sonenshein
Sep 1, 1988·Molecular Microbiology·T Garnier, S T Cole
Apr 25, 1983·Nucleic Acids Research·D K Hawley, W R McClure
Jan 1, 1982·Microbiology and Immunology·S NakamuraS Nishida
Aug 15, 1995·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·C D HershbergerA M Chakrabarty
Jun 9, 1995·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·I JustK Aktories
Nov 1, 1994·Journal of Medical Microbiology·K YamakawaS Nakamura
Feb 1, 1996·Trends in Microbiology·T D Wilkins, D M Lyerly
Oct 1, 1995·Microbial Pathogenesis·G A Hammond, J L Johnson
Oct 1, 1996·Trends in Microbiology·C von Eichel-StreiberM Thelestam
Nov 21, 1996·Gene·A M Guérout-FleuryP Stragier
Mar 1, 1997·Infection and Immunity·J S MoncriefT D Wilkins
Mar 15, 1997·European Journal of Biochemistry·T HundsbergerC von Eichel-Streiber
Jan 1, 1997·Microbiology and Immunology·T KarasawaS Nakamura
Feb 18, 1998·Molecular Microbiology·B Dupuy, A L Sonenshein
Mar 24, 1998·Annual Review of Medicine·C P Kelly, J T LaMont
Jun 25, 1998·Zentralblatt Für Bakteriologie : International Journal of Medical Microbiology·D IkedaS Nakamura
Jul 29, 1998·Molecular Microbiology·D Missiakas, S Raina
Sep 15, 1998·Journal of Medical Microbiology·K YamakawaS Nakamura
Nov 17, 1999·Molecular Microbiology·M L Vasil, U A Ochsner
Feb 5, 2000·Journal of Molecular Biology·C Jourlin-CastelliA L Sonenshein
Feb 11, 2000·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·S H CohenJ Silva

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 8, 2006·Archives of Microbiology·Falk HillmannHubert Bahl
Apr 2, 2005·Current Opinion in Microbiology·Abraham L Sonenshein
Mar 5, 2003·Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease·S M LipsonE D Spitzer
Jul 18, 2009·International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents·Dale N Gerding
Nov 6, 2007·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Abraham L Sonenshein
Jun 17, 2009·Nature Reviews. Microbiology·Maja RupnikDale N Gerding
Aug 5, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Aiqi FangArnold L Demain
Dec 8, 2005·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Laurent BouillautChristina Nielsen-Leroux
Apr 16, 2005·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Daniel E Voth, Jimmy D Ballard
Aug 2, 2012·Infection and Immunity·Annie AubrySusan M Logan
Aug 17, 2010·Journal of Bacteriology·Sean S DineenAbraham L Sonenshein
Jul 23, 2013·Journal of Bacteriology·Apoorva Reddy Sirigi ReddyRevathi Govind
Mar 29, 2011·Journal of Bacteriology·Ognjen SekulovicLouis-Charles Fortier
Dec 12, 2012·Journal of Bacteriology·Laurent BouillautAbraham L Sonenshein
May 5, 2006·Journal of Bacteriology·Revathi GovindJoe A Fralick
Feb 22, 2008·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·Thomas AkerlundLars G Burman
Sep 25, 2009·Journal of Virology·Revathi GovindJoe A Fralick
Dec 13, 2006·Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews : MMBR·Josef DeutscherPieter W Postma
Dec 18, 2013·Genome Biology and Evolution·Kate E DingleXavier Didelot
Nov 26, 2013·Future Microbiology·Catherine EckertFrédéric Barbut
Jan 29, 2003·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Holger BruggemannGerhard Gottschalk
Jan 11, 2013·Nucleic Acids Research·Hans C van LeeuwenJeroen Corver
Nov 14, 2015·Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets·Can M Ünal, Michael Steinert
Feb 23, 2013·Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery·Mario ZuccaDianella Savoia
Dec 14, 2011·Trends in Microbiology·Glen P CarterDena Lyras
Jun 15, 2011·Anaerobe·Govind RevathiRial D Rolfe
May 22, 2009·Gastroenterology·Jennifer R O'ConnorDale N Gerding
Dec 19, 2015·BMC Microbiology·Stephanie E WillingNeil F Fairweather
Sep 6, 2014·International Journal of Medical Microbiology : IJMM·Glen P CarterDena Lyras

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.