Abstract
Iron, an essential nutrient, is required for many biological processes but is also toxic in excess. The lack of a mechanism to excrete excess iron makes it crucial for the body to regulate the amount of iron absorbed from the diet. This regulation is mediated by the hepatic hormone hepcidin. Hepcidin also controls iron release from macrophages that recycle iron and from hepatocytes that store iron. Hepcidin binds to the only known iron export protein, ferroportin, inducing its internalization and degradation and thus limiting the amount of iron released into the plasma. Important regulators of hepcidin, and therefore of systemic iron homeostasis, include plasma iron concentrations, body iron stores, infection and inflammation, hypoxia and erythropoiesis, and, to a lesser extent, testosterone. Dysregulation of hepcidin production contributes to the pathogenesis of many iron disorders: hepcidin deficiency causes iron overload in hereditary hemochromatosis and non-transfused β-thalassemia, whereas overproduction of hepcidin is associated with iron-restricted anemias seen in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases and inherited iron-refractory iron-deficiency anemia. The present review summarizes our current understanding of th...Continue Reading
Citations
Sep 6, 2019·Nutrients·Hajo Haase, Lutz Schomburg
Sep 19, 2019·The New England Journal of Medicine·Tomas Ganz
Sep 1, 2019·Medicinal Research Reviews·Zhong-Ming Qian, Ya Ke
Mar 18, 2020·Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science·Ajay AshokNeena Singh
Nov 14, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Yawei ShenMinglin Wu
Aug 2, 2019·The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging·A M Sanford, J E Morley
Oct 24, 2020·Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy·Lara Valente de SouzaGünter Weiss
Dec 27, 2019·Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology·Thomas B BartnikasCaroline A Enns
Jul 1, 2020·Clinical Nutrition : Official Journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Noémie Le Tallec-EstèveRonan Thibault
Jan 22, 2021·Experimental & Molecular Medicine·Priti AzadGabriel G Haddad
Feb 26, 2021·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Lesang ShenJian Huang
Apr 20, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Yumei FanKe Tan
Jun 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Chloé TurpinPhilippe Rondeau
Jun 8, 2021·Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)·Yuhua LeiYan-Zhong Chang
Aug 15, 2021·Seminars in Hematology·Domenico GirelliAlice Vianello