Regulatory mechanisms of thiol-based redox sensors: lessons learned from structural studies on prokaryotic redox sensors

Archives of Pharmacal Research
Sang Jae LeeBong-Jin Lee

Abstract

Oxidative stresses, such as reactive oxygen species, reactive electrophilic species, reactive nitrogen species, and reactive chlorine species, can damage cellular components, leading to cellular malfunction and death. In response to oxidative stress, bacteria have evolved redox-responsive sensors that enable them to simultaneously monitor and eradicate potential oxidative stress. Specifically, redox-sensing transcription regulators react to oxidative stress by means of modifying the thiol groups of cysteine residues, functioning as part of an efficient survival mechanism for many bacteria. In general, oxidative molecules can induce changes in the three-dimensional structures of redox sensors, which, in turn, affects the transcription of specific genes in detoxification pathways and defense mechanisms. Moreover, pathogenic bacteria utilize these redox sensors for adaptation and to evade subsequent oxidative attacks from host immune defense. For this reason, the redox sensors of pathogenic bacteria are potential antibiotic targets. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of thiol-based redox sensors in bacteria will provide insight and knowledge into the discovery of new antibiotics.

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Citations

Jun 4, 2019·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Yani ZhangHaihua Liang
Apr 4, 2021·Antioxidants·In-Gyun Lee, Bong-Jin Lee
Apr 25, 2021·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Thualfeqar Al-MohannaSorina C Popescu
Jun 18, 2021·Nucleic Acids Research·Piotr SzczepanowskiAnna Zawilak-Pawlik

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