Regulatory T-cells in helminth infection: induction, function and therapeutic potential.

Immunology
Madeleine P J WhiteRick M Maizels

Abstract

Helminth parasites infect an alarmingly large proportion of the world's population, primarily within tropical regions, and their ability to down-modulate host immunity is key to their persistence. Helminths have developed multiple mechanisms that induce a state of hyporesponsiveness or immune suppression within the host; of particular interest are mechanisms that drive the induction of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Helminths actively induce Tregs either directly by secreting factors, such as the TGF-β mimic Hp-TGM, or indirectly by interacting with bystander cell types such as dendritic cells and macrophages that then induce Tregs. Expansion of Tregs not only enhances parasite survival but, in cases such as filarial infection, Tregs also play a role in preventing parasite-associated pathologies. Furthermore, Tregs generated during helminth infection have been associated with suppression of bystander immunopathologies in a range of inflammatory conditions such as allergy and autoimmune disease. In this review, we discuss evidence from natural and experimental infections that point to the pathways and molecules involved in helminth Treg induction, and postulate how parasite-derived molecules and/or Tregs might be applied as anti-in...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 28, 2020·Allergy·David I PritchardPiers D Mitchell
Oct 4, 2020·Trends in Parasitology·Ankur MidhaSusanne Hartmann
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Catalina Cosovanu, Christian Neumann
May 1, 2021·Immunology and Cell Biology·Laura CookMegan K Levings
Jun 25, 2021·Trends in Parasitology·Olivera Topalović, Mette Vestergård
Jul 11, 2021·Molecular Immunology·Claire Drurey, Rick M Maizels
Aug 25, 2021·Gut Microbes·Pritesh DesaiLarissa B Thackray
May 15, 2021·Immunology and Cell Biology·Madeleine P J WhiteRick M Maizels
Aug 3, 2021·The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science·Josué Díaz-DelgadoGabriel Gomez
Nov 3, 2021·Pathogens and Global Health·Zorada SwartBernard Slippers

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
bronchoalveolar lavage

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