Regulatory T cells in tumor microenvironment: new mechanisms, potential therapeutic strategies and future prospects.

Molecular Cancer
Chunxiao LiJunjie Wang

Abstract

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) characterized by the expression of the master transcription factor forkhead box protein p3 (Foxp3) suppress anticancer immunity, thereby hindering protective immunosurveillance of tumours and hampering effective antitumour immune responses in tumour-bearing hosts, constitute a current research hotspot in the field. However, Tregs are also essential for the maintenance of the immune tolerance of the body and share many molecular signalling pathways with conventional T cells, including cytotoxic T cells, the primary mediators of tumour immunity. Hence, the inability to specifically target and neutralize Tregs in the tumour microenvironment without globally compromising self-tolerance poses a significant challenge. Here, we review recent advances in characterizing tumour-infiltrating Tregs with a focus on the functional roles of costimulatory and inhibitory receptors in Tregs, evaluate their potential as clinical targets, and systematically summarize their roles in potential treatment strategies. Also, we propose modalities to integrate our increasing knowledge on Tregs phenotype and function for the rational design of checkpoint inhibitor-based combination therapies. Finally, we propose possible treatme...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 17, 2021·The American Journal of Pathology·Abhilasha PurohitRakesh K Singh
Jan 29, 2021·Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer·Chunxiao LiUNKNOWN Senior Correspondence
Mar 26, 2021·Clinical Epigenetics·Iris LodewijkJesús M Paramio
Apr 2, 2021·OncoTargets and Therapy·Yan ZhengFengmin Shao
Apr 4, 2021·Cancers·Navid SobhaniYong Li
Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Zhen ZengJames W Wells
May 1, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Izabela SiemińskaJarek Baran
May 8, 2021·European Journal of Immunology·Herman Waldmann
May 20, 2021·Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer·Minlin JiangCaicun Zhou
Jun 7, 2021·Trends in Cancer·Bárbara B MendesJoão Conde
Jun 8, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Kewei LiuKe Jiang
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Aug 8, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Hyo-Jung Cho, Jae-Youn Cheong
Aug 8, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Chang-Gon KimHong-Jae Chon
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Oct 14, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Shubhangi GavaliMagdalena Paolino
Oct 26, 2021·Advanced Science·Yixiao YangGaoxing Luo

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
GTPases
ubiquitination
acetylation
GTPase
scRNA-seq
RNA-seq
transfect
transgenic

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT02342782
NCT01476839
NCT01468311
NCT00847106
NCT04274816
NCT01655888
NCT00378482
NCT01649024
NCT02027935
NCT01804465

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