Reinforcing effect of subcutaneous morphine in a modified Ettenberg runway

Journal of Molecular Neuroscience : MN
Gerald ZernigAlois Saria

Abstract

Alley running has been successfully used as an operant to demonstrate both the positive and negative reinforcing effect of intravenously administered drugs of abuse in a bona fide operant conditioning paradigm, the Ettenberg runway, in which confounding drug effects on motor performance and drug accumulation are avoided. While Ettenberg and colleagues focus on the intravenous route of drug administration, we tested the practicability of the subcutaneous route of administration in this runway paradigm in Sprague Dawley rats, using morphine as the investigated drug of abuse. We also modified the Ettenberg runway, most notably in that either food (sweetened condensed milk), no food, morphine, or saline was presented outside the runway in a separate cage. This made shaping, i.e., the initial presentation of a food reinforcer within the runway, necessary to establish responding. The manipulations necessary to administer subcutaneous (sc) injections were well tolerated by over 90% of the tested rats (n = 93). However, sc injections increased runtimes to the experimenter cutoff of 60 s within 20 once-daily sessions. Because of strong experimenter effects, all morphine doses or saline had to be adminstered blind. Under these experiment...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 13, 2003·Peptides·Richard J Bodnar, Maria M Hadjimarkou
Nov 27, 2008·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·Aaron Ettenberg
May 27, 2004·Natural Product Reports·Kenneth W Bentley

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.