Relationship between mixed chimerism and rejection after bone marrow transplantation in thalassaemia.

Blood Transfusion = Trasfusione Del Sangue
Marco AndreaniGuido Lucarelli

Abstract

Thalassaemia is a genetic disease that requires a hypertransfusion regimen to treat the anaemia caused by enhanced red blood cell destruction. The only radical cure for thalassaemia is to correct the genetic defect by bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical donor capable of producing and maintaining a normal haemoglobin level in the recipient. Complete donor haematopoiesis is not essential for sustained engraftment and the simultaneous presence of haematopoietic cells of both donor and recipient origin is not a rare event after a transplant. The evolution of marrow engraftment of 93 transplanted thalassaemic patients, all from Middle East or Asian countries, was monitored by analysis of short tandem repeats. Forty-three of 93 (46%) patients experienced a status of mixed chimerism early after bone marrow transplantation. Results of further engraftment analysis in these patients showed in 27 complete donor engraftment; rejection occurred in seven, while eight maintained the presence of both host and donor-derived cells. Interestingly, five out of the seven patients who rejected their transplant showed more than 25% residual host cells early after transplantation. Our study confirmed that the presence of large amounts of...Continue Reading

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