Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is known to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate the independent effects of hyperglycaemia, hypoglycaemia, and glucose variability on microvascular and macrovascular disease in T2DM. Subjects with T2DM of <10 years duration and on stable antiglycaemic treatment underwent carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), ankle-brachial index (ABI), albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), and HbA1c measurement, as well as 72-hour continuous glucose monitoring. Macrovascular disease was defined as one or more of the following: history of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), ABI < 0.9, or abnormal CIMT. The study population comprised 121 subjects with T2DM (89 males : 32 females). The mean age was 62.6 years, and the mean DM duration was 3.7 years. Macrovascular disease was present in 71 patients (58.7%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, body surface area (BSA) (OR 18.88 (95% CI 2.20-156.69), p = 0.006) and duration of blood glucose (BG) < 3.9 mmol/L (OR 1.12 (95% CI 1.014-1.228), p = 0.024) were independent predictors of macrovascular disease. BSA (OR 12.6 (95% CI 1.70-93.54), p = 0.013) and duration of BG < 3.9 mmol...Continue Reading
References
Jan 1, 1996·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·S FavaF F Fenech
Apr 30, 2003·Diabetes Care·Cyrus DesouzaVivian Fonseca
Apr 12, 2005·European Heart Journal·Ann-Marie SvenssonMikael Dellborg
Jun 10, 2008·The New England Journal of Medicine·Anushka PatelFlorence Travert
Aug 5, 2008·International Journal of Cardiology·Emily TuChristopher Semsarian
Sep 12, 2008·The New England Journal of Medicine·Rury R HolmanH Andrew W Neil
Mar 24, 2009·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·Laleh Razavi NematollahiEghbal Taheri
Jan 12, 2010·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Denise E BondsMary Ellen Sweeney
Jul 9, 2010·Lancet·UNKNOWN Emerging Risk Factors CollaborationJ Danesh
Oct 12, 2010·Diabetes Care·Marga GiménezIgnacio Conget
Oct 19, 2010·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·J A EdgeB Shine
Apr 19, 2011·Diabetologia·W L JinH Watada
Dec 31, 2011·Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology·Jingli WangMichael E Widlansky
Feb 9, 2012·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Alexia S PeñaPeter Baghurst
Nov 29, 2012·European Heart Journal·Lian EngelenUNKNOWN Reference Values for Arterial Measurements Collaboration
Jan 29, 2013·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·C J ÖstgrenG Johansson
May 15, 2013·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·O J PhungS N Rajpathak
Jul 10, 2013·Diabetes·Candace M RenoSimon J Fisher
Aug 1, 2013·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Atsushi GotoMitsuhiko Noda
Apr 2, 2014·Endocrinology·Eisuke YasunariHirotaka Watada
Apr 26, 2014·Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism·C Ll MorganC J Currie
Jul 16, 2014·Diabetes Therapy : Research, Treatment and Education of Diabetes and Related Disorders·Seamus SreenanMarc Evans
Sep 18, 2014·Diabetologia·Sophia ZoungasUNKNOWN ADVANCE Collaborative group
Nov 18, 2014·Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism·S E HoldenC J Currie
Dec 4, 2014·Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice·Elke R FährmannHenry K Driscoll
Feb 20, 2015·Diabetes·Nino G JoyStephen N Davis
Feb 28, 2015·Journal of Endocrinological Investigation·G P FadiniA Avogaro
May 31, 2016·Atherosclerosis·Beata Kiec-WilkMaciej T Malecki
Jun 28, 2016·Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications·Joseph G TimmonsGregory C Jones
Aug 9, 2016·Cardiovascular Diabetology·Na WuPing Han
Jul 18, 2017·Giornale italiano di cardiologia : organo ufficiale della Federazione italiana di cardiologia : organo ufficiale della Società italiana di chirurgia cardiaca·Massimo F PiepoliW M Monique Verschuren
Citations
Feb 26, 2019·Journal of Diabetes·Zachary Bloomgarden
Mar 21, 2020·Medicine·Chuangbiao ZhangXiujie Guo
Apr 18, 2019·Cardiovascular Diabetology·Xixiang TangYanming Chen
Jan 9, 2020·Cardiovascular Diabetology·Chun-Pai YangTsai-Chung Li
Oct 15, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Xia LuFeng Ling
May 6, 2021·Cardiovascular Diabetology·Naohiro TayaHirotaka Watada
May 16, 2021·Diabetologia·Yuri D ForemanCoen D A Stehouwer
Sep 12, 2020·Current Pharmaceutical Design·Niki KatsikiDimitri P Mikhailidis