Relative importance of nitrite oxidation by hypochlorous acid under chloramination conditions

Environmental Science & Technology
David G Wahman, Gerald E Speitel

Abstract

Nitrification can occur in water distribution systems where chloramines are used as the disinfectant. The resulting product, nitrite, can be oxidized by monochloramine and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), potentially leading to rapid monochloramine loss. This research characterizes the importance of the HOCl reaction, which has typically been ignored because of HOCl's low concentration. Also, the general acid-assisted rate constants for carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion were estimated for the monochloramine reaction. The nitrite oxidation reactions were incorporated into a widely accepted chloramine autodecomposition model, providing a comprehensive model that was implemented in AQUASIM. Batch kinetic experiments were conducted to evaluate the significance of the HOCl reaction and to estimate carbonate buffer rate constants for the monochloramine reaction. The experimental data and model simulations indicated that HOCl may be responsible for up to 60% of the nitrite oxidation, and that the relative importance of the HOCl reaction for typical chloramination conditions peaks between pH 7.5 and 8.5, generally increasing with (1) decreasing nitrite concentration, (2) increasing chlorine to nitrogen mass ratio, and (3) decreasing monochlor...Continue Reading

References

May 2, 2001·Water Research·P J VikeslandR L Valentine
Nov 19, 2003·Environmental Science & Technology·Junghoon Choi, Richard L Valentine
Feb 1, 1994·Environmental Science & Technology·D W MargerumE E Moore
Jan 4, 2012·Environmental Science & Technology·John D Sivey, A Lynn Roberts

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Citations

Jun 19, 2013·Water Research·Juan P MaestreGerald E Speitel
Apr 24, 2014·Environmental Science & Technology·Vicente Gomez-AlvarezDavid G Wahman
May 20, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Juan P MaestreGerald E Speitel
Jul 4, 2017·Environmental Science & Technology·Daniel L McCurryWilliam A Mitch
Dec 26, 2018·Journal - American Water Works Association·David G Wahman
Jan 31, 2019·Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research·Qianyi ZhangYang Liu
Mar 16, 2018·The Science of the Total Environment·Qianyi ZhangYang Liu

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