Relative position and extent of the nasal and orbital openings in Gorilla, Pan and the human species from the study of their areas and centres of area

Folia primatologica; international journal of primatology
M SchmittbuhlA Schaaf

Abstract

In order to quantify the relative position and extent of the nasal and orbital openings in hominoid primates, a new methodology based on image analysis was developed and applied to a series of 134 hominoid skulls (52 Gorilla gorilla; 30 Pan troglodytes; 44 Homo sapiens, and, as comparison material, 8 Pongo pygmaeus). The areas and the centres of area of the orbital and nasal openings were determined automatically. The orbitonasal triangle connecting these three centres of area was then constructed. This triangle was used to quantify the elongation of the face. It was most elongated in gorilla, shortest in the human species and intermediate in Pan; the elongation in Pongo was close to that in Gorilla. The proportions of the areas of the orbital and nasal openings in the face were related to the extent of the bony structures of the midface and were thus used to quantify the facial robustness. A robust face was demonstrated in Gorilla, but a gracile face in the human species. Robusticity in Pan was intermediate.

Citations

Jun 11, 1999·Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft·M SchmittbuhlA Schaaf
May 29, 2003·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Franck GuyLaurent Viriot

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