PMID: 11903916Mar 21, 2002Paper

Relaxation of canine gallbladder to nerve stimulation involves adrenergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic mechanisms

Neurogastroenterology and Motility : the Official Journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society
S AlcónM J Pozo

Abstract

Electrical field stimulation (EFS) of dog gallbladder strips induced a frequency-dependent contractile response followed by an off-relaxation that was turned into a pure inhibitory response after atropine pretreatment. Guanethidine reduced the atropine-induced relaxing responses, so an adrenergic mechanism can partially account for the nerve-mediated gallbladder relaxation. However, guanethidine pretreatment also revealed a nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) relaxation induced by EFS, which was frequency independent. NANC relaxations were reduced by L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100 micromol L-1), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (D-p-Cl-Phe6, Leul7; 10 micromol L-1), a vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) receptor antagonist, and an inhibitor of haem oxygenase, (copper protoporphyrin IX; CuPP-IX; 10 micromol L-1), suggesting that nitric oxide (NO), VIP and carbon monoxide (CO), respectively, are released in response to EFS. Immunoreactivities for haem oxygenase-2 (HO-2) and VIP, and histochemical staining for NADPH diaphorase were observed in nerve cell bodies and fibres, demonstrating the presence of CO, VIP and NO as putative NANC neurotransmitters in dog gallbladder. These data support the hypothesis that NO, VIP and CO...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 13, 2003·Current Gastroenterology Reports·Charmaine M WoodsGino T P Saccone
Apr 17, 2003·The Journal of Surgical Research·N Zafer UtkanErdem Okay
May 2, 2014·World Journal of Gastroenterology : WJG·Zhen-Hai ZhangGuo-Zhe Xian
Jul 9, 2003·Neurogastroenterology and Motility : the Official Journal of the European Gastrointestinal Motility Society·A C B MeedeniyaG T P Saccone
Nov 22, 2013·Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia·Brigid R BurnsBenjamin M Brainard
Jul 7, 2007·The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics·Pedro J Gomez-PinillaMaría J Pozo
Jan 18, 2019·Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira De Pesquisas Médicas E Biológicas·E F Collares, L E A Troncon
Aug 7, 2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Wout VerbeurePeter R van Dijk

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