Reliability and validity of the Four Square Step Test in children with cerebral palsy and Down syndrome

Research in Developmental Disabilities
Aila Nica J BandongEdward James R Gorgon

Abstract

Little is known about the measurement properties of clinical tests of stepping in different directions for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and Down syndrome (DS). The ability to step in various directions is an important balance skill for daily life. Standardized testing of this skill can yield important information for therapy planning. This observational methodological study was aimed at defining the relative and absolute reliability, minimal detectable difference, and concurrent validity with the Timed Up-&-Go (TUG) of the Four Square Step Test (FSST) for children with CP and DS. Thirty children, 16 with CP and 14 with DS, underwent repeat testing 2 weeks apart on the FSST by 3 raters. TUG was administered on the second test occasion. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC [1,1] and [3,1]) with 95% confidence intervals, standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable difference (MDD) and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient were computed. The FSST demonstrated excellent interrater reliability (ICC=.79; 95% CI: .66, .89) and high positive correlation with the TUG (r=.74). Test-retest reliability estimates varied from moderate to excellent among the 3 raters (.54, .78 and .89 for raters 1, 2 and 3, respectivel...Continue Reading

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Sep 1, 2015·Research in Developmental Disabilities·Aila Nica J BandongEdward James R Gorgon

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Citations

Sep 1, 2015·Research in Developmental Disabilities·Aila Nica J BandongEdward James R Gorgon
Mar 29, 2020·Pediatric Physical Therapy : the Official Publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association·Laurel D AbbruzzeseLisa Raske
Aug 5, 2017·Physiotherapy Theory and Practice·Kimberly Cleary, Elena Skornyakov
Jun 1, 2021·Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal : Official Publication of the Hong Kong Physiotherapy Association Limited = Wu Li Chih Liao·Sawika Promsorn, Soontharee Taweetanalarp

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