Remapping the cognitive and neural profiles of children who struggle at school

Developmental Science
Duncan E AstleJoni Holmes

Abstract

Our understanding of learning difficulties largely comes from children with specific diagnoses or individuals selected from community/clinical samples according to strict inclusion criteria. Applying strict exclusionary criteria overemphasizes within group homogeneity and between group differences, and fails to capture comorbidity. Here, we identify cognitive profiles in a large heterogeneous sample of struggling learners, using unsupervised machine learning in the form of an artificial neural network. Children were referred to the Centre for Attention Learning and Memory (CALM) by health and education professionals, irrespective of diagnosis or comorbidity, for problems in attention, memory, language, or poor school progress (n = 530). Children completed a battery of cognitive and learning assessments, underwent a structural MRI scan, and their parents completed behavior questionnaires. Within the network we could identify four groups of children: (a) children with broad cognitive difficulties, and severe reading, spelling and maths problems; (b) children with age-typical cognitive abilities and learning profiles; (c) children with working memory problems; and (d) children with phonological difficulties. Despite their contrast...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 19, 2019·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Abigail R BradshawDorothy V M Bishop
Oct 20, 2020·Current Directions in Psychological Science·Duncan E Astle, Sue Fletcher-Watson
Nov 18, 2020·Dyslexia : the Journal of the British Dyslexia Association·Abigail R BradshawDorothy V M Bishop
Feb 12, 2021·Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology·Joe BatheltDuncan E Astle
Feb 29, 2020·Current Biology : CB·Roma SiugzdaiteDuncan E Astle
Mar 24, 2021·Scientific Reports·Mario TreviñoEsmeralda Matute
Jun 11, 2021·Developmental Review : DR·Vinod Menon, Hyesang Chang
Jun 17, 2021·Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry·Stepheni UhDuncan E Astle
Jul 24, 2021·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines·Duncan E AstleSusan E Gathercole
Jul 11, 2021·Nature Communications·Danyal AkarcaDuncan E Astle
Sep 3, 2021·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Divyangana Rakesh, Sarah Whittle
Nov 3, 2021·Child Neuropsychology : a Journal on Normal and Abnormal Development in Childhood and Adolescence·Margarita KanevskiSinead M Rhodes

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCA

Software Mentioned

FSL eddy
ANTs
SOMs
dtifit
FreeSurfer
DiPy
WIAT
FSL
MATLAB

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