Remarkable crystal and defect structures in butterfly eye nano-nipple arrays

Arthropod Structure & Development
Ken C Lee, Uwe Erb

Abstract

The corneal nipple structures on the eyes of two nymphalid butterfly species (Nymphalis antiopa and Polygonia interrogationis) are analyzed in terms of nipple arrangements and associated defects. The nipple arrays in both species have close-packed hexagonal lattices with lattice parameters of about 200 nm. The most abundant defects observed are 5-7 coordination defects that generate dislocations, dislocation-type low angle and structural unit-like high angle grain boundaries, as well as closed-loop defects. These disordered structures are compared with imperfections found in other 2D and 3D crystal structures, and it is concluded that the defects in the nipple arrays are likely not due to random growth accidents. Instead, they could be the result of geometric constraints due to eye curvature or serve a yet undiscovered purpose in the optical properties of these eyes.

References

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Nov 1, 1962·Acta Physiologica Scandinavica·C G BERNHARD, W H MILLER
Dec 14, 2005·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Thomas EinertAndreas R Bausch
Apr 13, 2006·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·D G StavengaK Arikawa
Jan 16, 2008·Nanotechnology·Jingyun HuangZhong Lin Wang
Aug 27, 2015·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Artem BlagodatskiVladimir L Katanaev

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Citations

Sep 25, 2018·Polymers·Rakkiyappan ChandranDennis R LaJeunesse
Sep 25, 2017·Chemical Reviews·Sirimuvva TadepalliSrikanth Singamaneni

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