PMID: 15224734Jul 1, 2004Paper

Removal of estrogens in municipal wastewater treatment under aerobic and anaerobic conditions: consequences for plant optimization

Environmental Science & Technology
Adriano JossHansruedi Siegrist

Abstract

The removal of estrogens (estrone E1, estradiol E2, and ethinylestradiol EE2) was studied in various municipal wastewater treatment processes equipped for nutrient removal. A biological degradation model is formulated, and kinetic parameters are evaluated with batch experiments under various redox conditions. The resulting model calculations are then compared with sampling campaigns performed on differenttypes of full-scale plant: conventional activated-sludge treatment, a membrane bioreactor, and a fixed-bed reactor. The results show a > 90% removal of all estrogens in the activated sludge processes. (Due to the analytical quantification limit and low influent concentrations, however, this removal efficiency represents only an observable minimum.) The removal efficiencies of 77% and > or = 90% for E1 and E2, respectively, in the fixed-bed reactor represent a good performance in view of the short hydraulic retention time of 35 min. The first-order removal-rate constant in batch experiments observed for E2 varied from 150 to 950 d(-1) for a 1 gSS L(-1) sludge suspension. The removal efficiency of E1 and EE2 clearly depends on the redox conditions, the maximum removal rate occurring under aerobic conditions when E1 was reduced to...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 18, 2010·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Marja Lahti, Aimo Oikari
Apr 1, 2010·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Sarah Combalbert, Guillermina Hernandez-Raquet
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