Removal of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts from sea water by eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica)

The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
David S LindsayJ P Dubey

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii infections have been reported in a number of marine mammals. Presently it is not known how these animals acquire T. gondii from their aquatic environment. The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, has been shown to remove Cryptosporidiwn oocysts from seawater and a similar phenomenon may be occurring with T. gondii oocysts and marine invertebrates. The present study was done to determine if eastern oysters could remove and retain T. gondii oocysts from seawater. Oocysts of the VEG strain of T. gondii (1 x 10(6) oocysts) were placed in seawater (32 ppt NaCl) containing live eastern oysters. The infected seawater was removed one day postinoculation (PI) and replaced with fresh seawater. Selected oysters were removed at 1, 3 and 6 days PI. Hemolymph, gill washes, and oyster tissue were collected separately at each observation time. The oyster tissue was homogenized and all 3 samples fed separately to mice. Toxoplasma gondii positive mice were observed at each time period. The results indicate that T. gondii oocysts can be removed from seawater by eastern oysters and retain their infectivity. Contaminated raw oysters may serve as a source of T. gondii infection for marine mammals and humans.

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Citations

Sep 25, 2012·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·M Palos LadeiroA Geffard
Sep 17, 2005·Animal Health Research Reviews·Dolores E HillJ P Dubey
Dec 9, 2008·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Karen ShapiroPatricia A Conrad
Dec 27, 2011·Parasites & Vectors·Simona NardoniFrancesca Mancianti
Jun 26, 2008·The Journal of Parasitology·J P DubeyC Su
Jan 6, 2010·The Journal of Parasitology·David S Lindsay, J P Dubey
Mar 13, 2013·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Audrey SimonNicholas H Ogden
May 29, 2004·The Journal of Parasitology·A A GajadharJ P Dubey
Nov 26, 2004·The Journal of Parasitology·David S LindsayJ P Dubey
Mar 17, 2006·The Journal of Parasitology·Y OmataK Murata
Jan 26, 2010·Veterinary Parasitology·Gloeta N MassieMichael W Black
Nov 17, 2015·Animal Health Research Reviews·Heidi M Wyrosdick, John J Schaefer
Nov 11, 2008·Experimental Parasitology·Jadwiga Winiecka-KrusnellAntonio Barragan
Sep 19, 2015·Journal of Comparative Pathology·V HerderP Wohlsein
Apr 15, 2004·Australian Veterinary Journal·R O BowaterH Prior
Sep 25, 2008·Zoonoses and Public Health·V MessierB Dixon
Oct 9, 2004·Trends in Parasitology·Ronald FayerDavid S Lindsay
Jan 15, 2015·Journal of Wildlife Diseases·Daphne Carlson-BremerChristine K Johnson
Mar 17, 2015·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·M Palos LadeiroA Geffard
Nov 26, 2003·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·Aurélien Dumètre, Marie Laure Dardé
Feb 8, 2005·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·Kenneth M BoyerUNKNOWN Toxoplasmosis Study Group
Oct 10, 2014·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Karen ShapiroMary W Silver
Nov 30, 2004·Veterinary Parasitology·J P Dubey
Jan 23, 2004·The Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology·David S LindsayJ P Dubey
Jul 7, 2019·Zoonoses and Public Health·Anna Maria Fausta MarinoMaurizio Percipalle
Dec 4, 2018·EFSA Journal·UNKNOWN EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ)Lucy Robertson
Jul 14, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Shilin XinYurong Yang
Jan 28, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Igor C L AcostaRodrigo M Soares

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