Renal imaging techniques

American Journal of Nephrology
K Hierholzer, J Hierholzer

Abstract

The ancient approach to obtain an image of the kidneys (and other internal organs) was 'section-inspection-imaging' by drawing, painting, sculpturing, and modelling. The present study follows chronologically the development and use of sectioning techniques from ancient (often forbidden) methods to modern microdissection and maceration of silicone-rubber-injected tubules. Inspection evolved from the use of the naked eye to magnifying lenses, microscopes and finally electron microscopy. Pertinent examples such as the description of the kidneys as the site of urine formation, the visualization of loop structures in the renal medulla and the imaging of tight junction strands are discussed. Inspection or visualization of renal structure and function has been revolutionized by modern noninvasive techniques, such as X-ray imaging, imaging by radioisotopes, ultrasound, computer tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Pertinent examples are given demonstrating the potency of the various techniques. The contribution of computerized data evaluation is discussed. The development of micropuncture and microperfusion techniques has opened the field for direct imaging not only of renal (sub)structural details but also of functional paramete...Continue Reading

Citations

Jul 2, 2005·Medical Engineering & Physics·Kevin S Dawes, Steve W Kelly
May 19, 2000·Medical Engineering & Physics·S KellyC McLean
Oct 12, 2000·Journal of Bone and Mineral Research : the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·D A BushinskyR Levi-Setti
Apr 24, 2012·Magnetic Resonance Imaging·Parmede VakilTimothy J Carroll
Apr 18, 2002·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·Michael D BentleyJ Carlos Romero
Mar 2, 2021·British Journal of Hospital Medicine·Patrick JonesAmr Hawary

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