Repeated translocation of a gene cassette drives sex-chromosome turnover in strawberries

PLoS Biology
Jacob A TennessenTia-Lynn Ashman

Abstract

Turnovers of sex-determining systems represent important diversifying forces across eukaryotes. Shifts in sex chromosomes-but conservation of the master sex-determining genes-characterize distantly related animal lineages. Yet in plants, in which separate sexes have evolved repeatedly and sex chromosomes are typically homomorphic, we do not know whether such translocations drive sex-chromosome turnovers within closely related taxonomic groups. This phenomenon can only be demonstrated by identifying sex-associated nucleotide sequences, still largely unknown in plants. The wild North American octoploid strawberries (Fragaria) exhibit separate sexes (dioecy) with homomorphic, female heterogametic (ZW) inheritance, yet sex maps to three different chromosomes in different taxa. To characterize these turnovers, we identified sequences unique to females and assembled their reads into contigs. For most octoploid Fragaria taxa, a short (13 kb) sequence was observed in all females and never in males, implicating it as the sex-determining region (SDR). This female-specific "SDR cassette" contains both a gene with a known role in fruit and pollen production and a novel retrogene absent on Z and autosomal chromosomes. Phylogenetic compariso...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 22, 2019·The New Phytologist·Deborah Charlesworth
Sep 21, 2019·Molecular Ecology·Daniela H PalmerAlison E Wright
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Jul 27, 2021·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Lukáš KratochvílMartina Johnson Pokorná

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
amplicon sequencing

Software Mentioned

GENSCAN
Linux
bedtools
Velvet
GDR
BLAST
PhyML
Trimmomatic
FLASH
Fluidigm

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